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You actually WANT me to suppose a scenario where someone dies and no one is aware of it or they just have no one to give their belongings to? Okay.
I don't believe a pokemon can survive forever inside a pokeball. Like someone else suggested, though, I don't think they're trapped in there, unless you truly want to believe in the pokemon brainwashing theory. If you want to believe the data theory, it may be possible that the pokemon is kept in a form of stasis that can't degrade. This would open up a whole other can of worms, though. The games seem to support that not only does the pokeball have a brainwashing mechanism, but it is possible to alter the data inside the pokeball as well.