>>35736021As for location names
Pallet Town = マサラタウン (Masara Town)
Viridian City = トキワシティ (Tokiwa City) - Earth Badge (グリーンバッジ; Green Badge)
Pewter City = ニビシティ (Nibi City) - Boulder Badge (グレーバッジ; Grey Badge)
Cerulean City = ハナダシティ (Hanada City) - Cascade Badge (ブルーバッジ; Blue Badge)
Vermilion City = クチバシティ (Kuchiba City) - Thunder Badge (オレンジバッジ; Orange Badge)
Lavender Town = シオンタウン (Shion Town)
Celadon City = タマムシシティ (Tamamushi City) - Rainbow Badge (レインボーバッジ; Rainbow Badge)
Fuchsia City = セキチクシティ (Sekichiku City) - Soul Badge (ピンクバッジ; Pink Badge)
Cinnabar Island = グレンタウン (Guren Town) - Volcano Badge (クリムゾンバッジ; Crimson Badge)
Indigo Plateau = セキエイこうげん (Sekiei Plateau)
Saffron City = ヤマブキシティ (Yamabuki City) - Marsh Badge (ゴールドバッジ; Gold Badge)
Masara supposedly comes from masshiro (真っ白), meaning pure white.
Tokiwa comes from tokiwa-iro (常磐色), meaning "evergreen color"
Nibi comes from nibi-iro (鈍色), meaning "dark grey color".
Hanada comes from hanada-iro (縹色), meaning "light indigo color".
Kuchiba comes from kuchiba-iro (朽葉色), meaning "autumn leaves color".
Shion comes from shion-iro (紫苑色), meaning "light purple color".
Tamamushi comes from the Japanese word for jewel bugs (玉虫) which are deep green with a distinctive rainbow shine.
Sekichiku comes from sekichiku-iro (石竹色), meaning "light pink color".
Guren comes from guren-iro (紅蓮色), meaning "crimson color".
Sekiei comes from the Japanese word for quartz (石英), some of which has a deep purple color.
Yamabuki comes from yamabuki-iro (山吹色), which is the golden yellow color of the flowers of the same name.
You'll notice the badge names correspond to the town colors.