>>37165240Targets is used for moves that hit more than one pokemon (earthquake, surf, etc.). When an attack targets a single pokemon, the target modifier is 1 and the attack deals its normal damage, and when it targets 2 or more, I think it is reduced to 0.75 and the attack deals a bit less damage per target. I think the modifier drops to 0.75 but may be more, you may want to check a trustedsource for that.
Badge was used in older gens when badges actually boosted stats or whatever. For example, say the "attack badge" raises the team's attack, then this modifier would be 1.1 when calculating damage, and 1 otherwise. I don't think badges boost stats anymore in newer games, maybe in lgpe I don't know.