I tried looking this up myself and the answer I came to is 'Game Boy Advance SP'

But I'm not sure, is there a more powerful console with a larger screen that can still use cartridges?

And where can I buy it and the cartridges? Nintendo official store doesn't offer them and Amazon sellers are ALL called 'Nintendo', 'Game Boy Advance' and so on.

I just want to play all pokemon games from Gen 1 onwards in chronological order, but I don't want to buy 10 different consoles from shady sellers.