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>Dr. Jorgenson knew which gene controlled purple pigment in the flower, and he was aware that petunias are very amenable to DNA transfection. The researchers logically surmised that additional copies of the purple gene should make petunias that were shades darker. However, to the investigators’ surprise and dismay, after they added an extra version of the purple gene to a petunia, the plant did not produce dark purple flowers—instead it bore stark white flowers devoid of pigment.