>>171539>kanji using the same particles often share some similarities in their meanings.>oftenKey word. It's not common enough to be any predictable thing and is rife with inconsistencies. Let's go with a simple example: the kanji 虫 (bug).
Kanji containing 虫 that are types of bugs or at least vaguely related to bugs:
虱, 虻, 蚕, 蚊, 蚓, 蚪, 蚋, 蚤, 蚣, 蛍, 蛄, 蛆, 蚰, 蚯, 蛉, 蛤, 蛞, 蛩, 蛬, 蛙, 蛛, 蛯, 蛔, 蛭
Kanji containing 虫 that have no relation to bugs whatsoever:
風, 独, 虹, 禹, 蚩, 蚌, 強, 蛇, 蛋, 掻, 蚫, 蚶, 蛎, 專, 蛮, 颪, 惠, 蛟
And so on. I'm not going to list them all because there's a shitload of them, but it's basically a 50/50 shot at best whether a kanji containing 虫 will have anything to do with bugs. And unlike your 犭 examples where the 犭 particle stays on the left, that's not the case with 虫; it shows up on the left, bottom, or top of kanji related to bugs and in the same places in kanji unrelated to bugs. The same can be said of 肉 showing up in words like 肩, 胴, and 腹. And don't even get me started on how 肉 becomes identical to 月 when used as a radical which is fucking insanity.
And that's still not even starting on the readings. I also forgot to mention how nothing about knowing a word tells you what the relevant kanji is either, outside of compound words where you know what a certain part will probably be (eg. 者).
