>>78320223It's often playback issues on the viewer's side, but it can also be a hiccup on the streamer's side where YouTube receives the stream a bit later than it expects.
Lately, YouTube has a strong tendency to keep buffer health dangerously low (less than the fragment interval), and when rewinds are disabled the player is forced to skip to catch up to the live portion. In my experience, this results in perpetual cycles of loading and catching up, regardless of whether the stream is offered in h264 or vp9.
Things like mpv and streamlink keep their own internal buffer, so playing the stream in those generally smooths out any hiccups at the cost of some extra delay. Though I've noticed mpv occasionally loses video and requires a refresh too.