>>23279915All kinds of things. They're called special function buttons and they're context sensitive shortcuts. Some menus will use them to do various things like close a menu, autotune to scan for channels or accessing a sub menu. Different apps have them do different things and depending on the model of TV you have they may do more like display resolution for connected devices or display serial information for the TV.
In most cases like the LG magic remote they're not programmable.