>>1984410This is what good bikes have.
Either vertical dropouts, like a front fork, where the wheel has only one position to sit in and just fits straight there, or, horizontal dropouts with set screws, that allow adjustment, but do not require fussing every time you take the wheel in and out. These don't slip.
And on an old steel frame, forged steel dropouts, not the shitty thin stamped steel your frame has.
And the derailer threads into the frame, it's not part of the wheel clamping equation with a shitty claw, like you have.