>>1963878i mean, i don't know what the numbers are and i don't care too much. but if you have a good pedal stroke you're definitely putting energy in particularly over the top and into your downstroke. i'm no racer or anything, but i like to ride fast. i definitely notice it riding up hills in particular. and the thing with regular toe clips is that there is no disadvantage whatsoever. no one, except for our extremely elderly president apparently, falls because of toe clips, unless they're cinched down super tight or something, which you would never do. i have old MTB toe clips so they fit everything from my tiny little slip-on toms to my chunky hiking shoes. it's weird to me that anybody who rides a lot wouldn't use at least toe clips. every time i ride a bike with flats i feel like my feet are gonna fly off the pedals and then when i get used to pedaling on them again, i find the push down-only pedalstroke very unpleasant. i mean, also, do whatever you like. it makes no difference and in the end, whatever makes you ride your bike more is the best thing. anybody on a bicycle is a friend to me.